Medical implant surface treatment and method

ABSTRACT

Medical implant surface treatments and methods are described. Such a surface treatment may provide an uneven texture that is configured to interlock with adjoining bone and/or an uneven texture on another implant, such as an augment for an acetabular cup for revision hip surgery. At least one of the uneven texture of the cup bone-facing surface and the uneven texture of the augment cup-facing surface may include a web of rods. The rods may be configured to interlock with each other when the two implants are urged together.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to surgical systems and methods. Morespecifically, the present disclosure relates to surface treatments andmethods that help implants more securely bond to each other and/or toadjoining bone.

BACKGROUND

Joint arthroplasty procedures are surgical procedures in which one ormore articulating surfaces of a joint are replaced with prostheticarticulating surfaces. Such procedures are becoming increasinglycommonplace, particularly for the acetabular femoral joint, commonlyknown as the hip joint. An arthroplasty procedure for the acetabularfemoral joint can include implanting an acetabular joint prosthesis toreplace the articulating surfaces of the acetabulum. This may or may notbe performed along with replacement of the articulating surfaces of thefemoral head.

For a successful acetabular joint arthroplasty, it is important that theimplants remain in place and maintain the necessary wearcharacteristics. Further, it is desirable for the acetabular jointarthroplasty procedure to be carried out quickly and smoothly. Manyexisting acetabular joint arthroplasty implants and methods aretime-consuming to implant or do not form a sufficient attachment to theunderlying bone. Further, many known surface treatments do not providesufficient adherence to bone and/or adjoining implants.

SUMMARY

The various systems and methods of the present disclosure have beendeveloped in response to the present state of the art, and inparticular, in response to the problems and needs in the art that havenot yet been fully solved by currently available medical implant surfacetreatments and methods. The systems and methods of the presentdisclosure may provide surface treatments and methods that can be usedwith a wide variety of implant types. Acetabular implants andinstruments are described by way of example, including but not limitedto prosthetic acetabular cups, augments, and augment-securingmechanisms, that provide enhanced bone fixation and/or streamlinedimplantation through the use of enhanced surface treatments.

According to some embodiments, an acetabular joint prosthesis may bedesigned to replace an acetabular articular surface on a pelvis. Theprosthesis may include a prosthetic acetabular cup, which may include acup bone-facing surface having a generally convex shape, and a cupjoint-facing surface having a generally concave shape. The prosthesismay also include an augment, which can include an augment cup-facingsurface that is securable to the cup bone-facing surface, and an augmentbone-facing surface. The augment bone-facing surface can be configuredto face a portion of a pelvis to which the cup is attached, with theaugment cup-facing surface secured to the cup bone-facing surface. Theprosthesis can also include an augment-securing mechanism configured tosecure the augment to the cup with at least a portion of the cupbone-facing surface facing at least a portion of the augment cup-facingsurface. The augment-securing mechanism can include a guide featureextending along one of the cup bone-facing surface and the augmentcup-facing surface; and a slider on the other of the cup bone-facingsurface and the augment cup-facing surface that engages the guidefeature. The augment-securing mechanism can be reconfigurable between anunlocked configuration, in which the slider is slidable along the guidefeature; and a locked configuration in which the slider and the guidefeature are frictionally engaged such that the slider is fixed in placerelative to the guide feature. The locked configuration can include atleast one of the slider or the guide feature being in an expanded formrelative to a non-expanded form in the unlocked configuration.

The locked configuration may include the slider being in the expandedform, relative to the non-expanded form in the unlocked configuration.For example, the guide feature can define a slot, and the slider caninclude a protrusion that is configured to extend into the slot. Theslider can include a shoulder surface that is configured to engage acorresponding shoulder surface defining a portion of the slot.Engagement between the slider shoulder surface and the slot-definingshoulder surface can inhibit movement of the slider out of the slot. Theslider may include a dovetail-shaped member that includes the shouldersurface.

The guide feature can extend along the cup bone-facing surface, and theslider can be on the augment cup-facing surface. The slider may be anintegral part of the augment, and the guide feature may define a slotformed in the cup bone-facing surface. The guide feature may define acurved path of movement for the slider, which can generate a curved pathof movement of the augment along a portion of the cup bone-facingsurface.

In the unlocked configuration, the augment-securing mechanism mayfacilitate rotation of the augment relative to the cup, and in thelocked configuration the augment-securing mechanism can inhibit rotationof the augment relative to the cup. Also, the augment-securing mechanismcan include a fastener that is rotatable to cause a transformationbetween the expanded form and the non-expanded form.

In other embodiments, an acetabular joint prosthesis can be designed toreplace an acetabular articular surface on a pelvis. The acetabularjoint prosthesis can include a prosthetic acetabular cup, which caninclude a cup bone-facing surface having a generally convex shape, and acup joint-facing surface having a generally concave shape. The jointprosthesis can also include an augment, which can include an augmentcup-facing surface that is securable to the cup bone-facing surface, andan augment bone-facing surface. The joint prosthesis can also include anaugment-securing mechanism can be configured to secure the augment tothe cup with at least a portion of the cup bone-facing surface facing atleast a portion of the augment cup-facing surface. The augment-securingmechanism can include a pair of members that are rotatable relative toeach other. The augment-securing mechanism can be reconfigurable betweenan unlocked configuration and a locked configuration. In the unlockedconfiguration, the augment can be rotatable about an axis betweenmultiple rotational positions relative to the cup. In each of therotational positions, with the augment cup-facing surface secured to thecup bone-facing surface, the augment cup facing surface can beconfigured to face a portion of a pelvis to which the cup is attached.In the locked configuration, the augment can be fixed in place in one ofthe rotational positions. The augment-securing mechanism can bereconfigurable into the locked configuration with the augment in any ofthe multiple rotational positions.

In each of the rotational positions in the locked configuration, an areaof the augment cup-facing surface may face a corresponding area of thecup-bone-facing surface and match a curvature of the corresponding areaof the cup bone-facing surface. For example, the cup bone-facing surfaceand the augment cup-facing surface may have matching sphericalcurvatures.

In these embodiments, the augment-securing mechanism may include a guidefeature extending along one of the cup bone-facing surface and theaugment cup-facing surface, and a slider on the other of the cupbone-facing surface and the augment cup-facing surface that engages theguide feature. In the unlocked configuration, the slider may be slidablealong the guide feature, and in the locked configuration the slider andthe guide feature may be frictionally engaged such that the slider isfixed in place relative to the guide feature.

The cup bone-facing surface may include an uneven texture that isconfigured to interlock with an uneven texture of the augment cup-facingsurface with the augment-securing mechanism in the locked configuration.For example, at least one of the uneven texture of the cup bone-facingsurface and the uneven texture of the augment cup-facing surface caninclude a web of rods.

In other embodiments, a method can be directed to replacing anacetabular articular surface on a pelvis with an acetabular jointprosthesis. The method can include positioning a prosthetic acetabularcup in an acetabulum of a pelvis, with a generally convex shaped cupbone-facing surface of the acetabular cup facing the acetabulum and witha generally concave shaped cup joint-facing surface of the acetabularcup facing opposite the cup bone-facing surface. The cup joint-facingsurface can define a rim proximate a plane. An augment can be movedrelative to the cup to a position wherein an augment cup-facing surfaceof the augment faces the cup bone-facing surface and an augmentbone-facing surface of the augment faces a portion of the pelvis. Anaugment-securing mechanism can be actuated to secure the augment to thecup in the position. This actuating can include moving an instrumenttoward the acetabular cup in an access direction generally perpendicularto the plane to engage a securing area of the augment-securingmechanism.

The actuating of the augment-securing mechanism can include using theinstrument to rotate a fastener around an axis that is generallyperpendicular to the plane. Also, the actuating of the augment-securingmechanism may include using the instrument to move a fastener in adirection that is generally perpendicular to the plane.

The augment-securing mechanism may include a guide feature extendingalong one of the cup bone-facing surface and the augment cup-facingsurface, and a slider on the other of the cup bone-facing surface andthe augment cup-facing surface that engages the guide feature. Theactuating of the augment-securing mechanism can include reconfiguringthe augment-securing mechanism from an unlocked configuration, in whichthe slider is slidable along the guide feature, to a lockedconfiguration in which the slider and the guide feature are frictionallyengaged such that the slider is fixed in place relative to the guidefeature.

These and other features and advantages of the present disclosure willbecome more fully apparent from the following description and appendedclaims, or may be learned by the practice of the systems and methods setforth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure will become more fully apparentfrom the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depictonly exemplary embodiments and are, therefore, not to be consideredlimiting of the scope of the appended claims, the exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure will be described with additional specificityand detail through use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an acetabular joint prosthesis accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an acetabular cup of the acetabularjoint prosthesis of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 2B-2D are front, top, and bottom views, respectively, of theacetabular cup of FIG. 2A. As used herein, the directional terms front,back, left, right, top, and bottom, when referring to the components ofthe acetabular joint prosthesis, are used for convenience in describingthe embodiments of the acetabular joint prosthesis. When used as such,it should be appreciated that they do not refer to orientationdirections relative to a human body when the joint prosthesis isimplanted in an acetabular joint, and they should not be construed aslimiting the orientation relative to the pelvis when the acetabularjoint prosthesis is implanted.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an augment of the acetabular jointprosthesis of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3B-3G are front, back, top, bottom, left, and right views,respectively, of the augment of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is a view, from the left side of a pelvis, of an acetabular jointprosthesis implanted in an acetabulum of the pelvis.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an acetabular joint prosthesis accordingto an embodiment.

FIGS. 6A-6B are perspective views of an acetabular cup like theacetabular cup of FIGS. 2A-2D, but with added texture on a bone-facingsurface of the cup.

FIG. 6C is an enlarged cut-away view of a portion of the texture on thebone-facing surface of the cup of FIGS. 6A-6B.

FIGS. 7A-7B are perspective views of an augment like the augment ofFIGS. 3A-3G, but with added texture on the bone-facing, joint-facing,and cup-facing surfaces.

FIG. 7C is an enlarged cut-away view of a portion of the texture on thecup-facing surface of the augment of FIGS. 7A-7B.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an acetabularjoint prosthesis.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the acetabular jointprosthesis of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of an augment of the acetabular jointprosthesis of FIG. 8.

FIGS. 10B-10C are front and back views, respectively, of the augment ofFIG. 10A.

FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a saddle of the acetabular jointprosthesis of FIG. 8.

FIGS. 11B-11G are front, back, top, bottom, left, and right views thesaddle of FIG. 11A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure will be best understood byreference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by likenumerals throughout. It will be readily understood that the componentsof the disclosure, as generally described and illustrated in the figuresherein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of differentconfigurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of theembodiments of the apparatus, system, and method, as represented in thefigures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, as claimed,but is merely representative exemplary of exemplary embodiments.

The phrases “connected to,” “coupled to” and “in communication with”refer to any form of interaction between two or more entities, includingmechanical, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, fluid, and thermalinteraction. Two components may be functionally coupled to each othereven though they are not in direct contact with each other. The term“abutting” refers to items that are in direct physical contact with eachother, although the items may not necessarily be attached together. Thephrase “fluid communication” refers to two features that are connectedsuch that a fluid within one feature is able to pass into the otherfeature.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of theembodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarilydrawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an acetabular joint prosthesis 100,according to one embodiment. The joint prosthesis 100 may be designed toreplace the natural or previously-implanted artificial articulatingsurfaces of the acetabulum, which may receive and operate in conjunctionwith natural or prosthetic articulating surfaces of the femoral head(not shown). The prosthesis 100 may be particularly well suited forreplacing an existing prosthetic acetabular cup, such as where the cuphas become dislodged and/or bone decay has occurred around the cup. Inparticular, the augments discussed herein can assist in securing aprosthetic acetabular cup in such situations, such as by providing agreater area in which to secure the prosthesis to the pelvis. Forexample, this can be done by allowing the bone to grow into and/oraround the augment, and allowing for additional opportunities to fix theprosthesis in place using screws, some of which can extend through theaugment and into the pelvis.

The prosthesis 100 can include an acetabular cup 102 and at least oneaugment 104. Referring to FIGS. 2A-2D, the cup 102 can be a generallyhollowed shell, such as a hollowed generally hemispherical shape. Theacetabular cup 102 can include a cup bone-facing surface 112 that can begenerally convex in all directions and a cup joint-facing surface 114that can be generally concave in all directions. However, each surfacemay include localized portions that do not conform to the general convexor concave curvature of the surface. For example, this may be the casewhere the surface includes an uneven texture, as discussed below. Thecup bone-facing surface 112 can be generally shaped to fit in a preparedacetabulum. The cup joint-facing surface 114 can be shaped fit aroundarticulating surfaces of a natural or prosthetic femur head.

The cup 102 can define one or more apertures, such as holes 116. Theholes 116 can pass through the cup 102 from the cup joint-facing surfaceto the cup bone-facing surface. For example, in the embodiment of FIGS.2A-2D, the holes 116 can include a centrally located hole, a first setof 5 holes spaced in a circular pattern centered around the centrallylocated hole, and a second set of 5 holes spaced in a circular patterncentered around the centrally located hole farther from the central holethan the first set. However, the holes 116 could be in various otherdifferent patterns, numbers, and/or sizes. The holes 116 can facilitatesecuring of the cup to the adjacent pelvic bone. For example, one ormore of the holes 116 can receive a screw or other fastener, which canextend through the hole 116 and into the bone of the pelvis. Also, asthe cup 102 remains seated in the acetabulum over time, the bone of theacetabulum can grow into the holes 116 to help the cup 102 be even moresecurely fixed in the acetabulum.

The cup 102 can also include a rim 120, which can be generally circularin an embodiment where the cup 102 is a generally hemispherical shape.The rim 120 can be proximate a plane 122 (see FIG. 2B). As used herein,for a rim to be proximate to a plane means for the plane to be alignedwith the rim, if the rim is planar. However, if the rim is not planar,then a plane is proximate to the rim if the plane is positioned tominimize the summed perpendicular distance from the plane to pointsaround the rim.

The cup 102 can also include guide features 124, each of which candefine a slot 126 that extends into the cup 102 from the cup bone-facingsurface 112. The cup 102 defines five such guide features 124 spacedaround the cup 102, with each guide feature 124 defining a slot 126extending from the rim 120 along the cup bone-facing surface 112 towardthe center of the cup 102 (i.e., toward the central location of thecentral hole). Each slot 126 can extend along the cup bone-facingsurface 112 toward the center of the cup 102 in a curved path, such as apath that matches the curvature of the cup bone-facing surface 112.Also, each slot 126 can become wider as it extends deeper into the cup102 from the general cup bone-facing surface 112. Thus, the cup 102 caninclude, for each slot 126, a shoulder surface 128 (see FIG. 2A) of thecorresponding guide feature 124 that defines the wider and deeperportion of the slot. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2D, eachslot 126 flares outward as it extends deeper into the cup 102, so thateach slot has a generally trapezoidal-shaped (i.e., dovetail-shaped)cross-section that is narrower at the surface and wider as it extendsdeeper into the cup 102.

Referring now to FIGS. 3A-3G, the augment 104 will be discussed in moredetail. The augment 104 can include a generally planar augmentflesh-facing surface 130 that is configured to face generally away froma pelvis and toward surrounding flesh when the joint prosthesis 100 isimplanted (although the augment may be oriented so that the augmentflesh-facing surface 130 faces some portion of the pelvis). The augmentcan also include an augment cup-facing surface 132 that is configured toface the cup bone-facing surface 112 of the cup 102 (see FIG. 1), and anaugment bone-facing surface 134 that is configured to generally facetoward a pelvis when the joint prosthesis 100 is implanted. The augmentcup-facing surface 132 can have a concave curvature in all directionsthat matches the convex curvature of the cup bone-facing surface 112.For example, such curvature may be a spherical curvature. In the augmentillustrated in FIGS. 3A-3G, the augment flesh-facing surface 130 isgenerally crescent shape with rounded tips. The augment cup-facingsurface 132 can be generally concave in all directions to match the cupbone-facing surface 112 of the cup 102. The augment bone-facing surface134 can be generally convex in all directions.

The augment cup-facing surface 132 can extend from the concave edge ofthe augment flesh-facing surface 130, and the augment bone-facingsurface 134 can extend from the convex edge of the augment flesh-facingsurface 130. Also, the augment bone-facing surface 134 and the augmentcup-facing surface 132 can meet each other to form a ridge 136 thatextends in a convex arcuate path from one tip of the crescent-shapedflesh-facing surface 130 to the other tip of the crescent-shapedflesh-facing surface 130. The augment 104 can define holes 138 thereinthat extend from the flesh-facing surface 130 to the bone-facing surface134. As with the holes 116 in the cup 102, the holes 138 in the augment104 can receive one or more screws for securing the augment to thepelvis. Also, the holes 138 can allow bone growth therein over time toaid in securing the augment 104 to the pelvis, and thereby assist insecuring the cup 102 to the pelvis. While the overall shape of theaugment 104 is described here in detail, as is discussed more below,augments can have many different shapes.

The augment 104 can further include a slider 140, which can beintegrally formed with the remainder of the augment 104. The slider 140can be centrally located proximate the concave edge of thecrescent-shaped flesh-facing surface 130. The slider 140 can include aplanar surface 142 that is co-planar with the flesh-facing surface 130.Additionally, the slider can include an end surface 144 that faces awayfrom the main body of the augment 104 (facing substantially the samedirection as the adjacent cup-facing surface 132 of the augment 104,though the end surface 144 can be planar instead of concave).Additionally, the slider 140 can include opposing side surfaces 146, orshoulder surfaces, that extend from the end surface back to the mainbody of the augment 104. The slider 140 can extend from the augmentflesh-facing surface 130 along the augment cup-facing surface 132. Also,the slider 140 can widen as it extends out and away from the augmentcup-facing surface 132. In the specific embodiment illustrated in FIGS.3A-3G, the slider can form a general dovetail shape that matches thedovetail shape of the slots 126 in the cup 102. Thus, the side surfaces146 of the slider 140 can face and engage the shoulder surfaces of thecorresponding guide feature 124 of the cup 102 to inhibit movement ofthe slider 140 out of a slot 126 in which the slider 140 is seated. Theslider 140 can also extend into the body of the augment 104, with theaugment 104 forming side slots 150 on each side of the slider 140,between the side surfaces 146 of the slider 140 and the main body of theaugment 104. Additionally, the slider 140 can define a center slot 152that extends into the slider 140, between the side slots 150. The slider140 can also define an aperture 154, such as a threaded hole thatextends into the slider 140 from the planar surface 142, so that thecenter slot 152 extends on opposite sides of the aperture 154.

Referring back to FIG. 1, parts of the cup 102 and the augment 104 canalso be part of an augment-securing mechanism 170, which can alsoinclude additional components. That mechanism 170 can be reconfiguredbetween a locked configuration in which the augment 104 can be fixedrelative to the cup 102, and an unlocked configuration in which theaugment-securing mechanism 170 facilitates movement between the augment104 and the cup 102. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, theaugment-securing mechanism can include the slider 140, a correspondingguide feature 124 defining a slot 126 in which the slider 140 is seated,and a fastener 172 that is moveable to expand the slider 140. Forexample, the fastener 172 can be a screw that is able to be screwed intothe aperture 154 in the slider 140. At least a portion of the aperture154 can be smaller than the fastener 172, so that as the fastener 172extends into the aperture 154, the fastener 172 forces portions of theslider 140 on opposite sides of the aperture 154 and center slot 152 tospread apart, thereby expanding the slider. This reconfiguration of theslider 140 from a non-expanded form to an expanded form can producefriction between the slider 140 and the corresponding guide feature 124that defines the corresponding slot 126. This friction can lock or fixthe slider 140 in place relative to the guide feature 124, which can fixthe augment 104 in place relative to the cup 102. Accordingly, thesecuring mechanism 170 can be reconfigured between a lockedconfiguration and an unlocked configuration by moving the fastener 172farther into the aperture 154 in the slider 140 for the lockedconfiguration, and moving the fastener 172 farther out of the aperture154 for the unlocked configuration. For example, where the fastener 172is a screw, the fastener can be moved by rotating the fastener 172 aboutan axis. This can be performed using an instrument 174, such as a bitdriver.

Referring now to FIG. 4, another embodiment of a joint prosthesis 200 isillustrated. The joint prosthesis 200 can include the cup 102, anaugment 204, and an augment-securing mechanism 270. All these componentscan be the same as in the joint prosthesis 100, except that the augment204 and the augment-securing mechanism 270 can include multiple sliders240 that interact with multiple guide features 224 for releasablysecuring a single augment 204. Also, FIG. 4 illustrates the jointprosthesis 200 implanted in a pelvis 290, and specifically in anacetabulum 292 of the pelvis 290.

A joint prosthesis may include different numbers of augments, and theaugments may be different shapes to fit with different parts of apelvis. Also, different shapes may be used for areas where there is bonedecay, so that the augments can fit into decayed areas of the pelvisaround the acetabulum. Referring now to FIG. 5, a joint prosthesis 300is shown with the acetabular cup 102 and three different shaped augments304, 306, and 308. The joint prosthesis includes three augment-securingmechanisms 312, 314, and 316, with one for each of the three augments304, 306, and 308. Fasteners for the augment-securing mechanisms 312,314, and 316 are not shown in FIG. 5, but fasteners may be included inthe augment-securing mechanisms 312, 314, and 316. The augment-securingmechanisms 312, 314, and 316 can each be similar to the augment-securingmechanism 170 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3G.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A-7C, texture on an acetabular joint prosthesiswill be discussed. An uneven texture, such as rough, raised, and/orpitted texture can help in securing the augment to the cup, and insecuring the augment and the cup to the pelvis. Referring to FIGS.6A-6C, an acetabular cup 402 similar to the acetabular cup 102 discussedabove can include a generally convex cup bone-facing surface 412, whichcan include texture features 410 thereon. The texture features 410 canproduce an uneven porous texture on the cup bone-facing surface 412, asopposed to the smoother texture of the cup bone-facing surface 112discussed above. The texture features 410 can include a web of rods 414extending along the surface. In one embodiment, the web of rods 414 canform a generally stochastic pattern as shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, or they maybe in some other type of pattern, such as a repeated regular pattern.

Referring to FIG. 7A-7B, an augment 404 similar to the augment 104discussed above can include a flesh-facing surface 430, a cup-facingsurface 432, and a bone-facing surface 434, which can all includetexture features 440 thereon. For example, each of the surfaces 430,432, and 434 can include a web of rods 442 extending along the surfaces430, 432, and 434. Additionally, the augment cup-facing surface 432 caninclude protrusions 444 (such as protruding rods), which can extend awayfrom the augment cup-facing surface 432, and can terminate at a distalend away from the augment cup-facing surface 432. For example, aprotrusion 444 may extend substantially perpendicular to the augmentcup-facing surface 432 at the location of the protrusion 444. Forexample, the protrusions may extend from intersections of rods in theweb of rods 442 on the augment cup-facing surface 432.

When the augment cup-facing surface 432 is pressed against the cupbone-facing surface 412, the protrusions 444 on the augment cup-facingsurface 432 can extend into the web of rods 442 on the cup bone-facingsurface 412. This can interlock the augment cup-facing surface 432 withthe cup bone-facing surface 412, which can inhibit movement of the cup402 relative to the augment 404, when the augment-securing mechanism isin a locked configuration so that the augment cup-facing surface 432 andthe cup bone-facing surface 412 are pressed against each other. Theprotrusions may be formed on the cup bone-facing surface 412 instead of,or in addition to, the augment cup-facing surface 432. Also, theprotrusions may be different shapes, so long as they protrude intocorresponding uneven texture on a facing surface. Also, the texturefeatures discussed here can be used on any of the different embodimentsdiscussed herein, such as the joint prosthesis of FIG. 5 and the jointprosthesis of FIGS. 8-11G.

Another joint prosthesis 500 will now be discussed with reference toFIGS. 8-11G. Referring first to FIGS. 8-9, FIG. 8 is an assembled viewof the joint prosthesis 500, and FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the jointprosthesis 500. The joint prosthesis 500 can be similar to the jointprosthesis 100. Indeed, in the joint prosthesis 500, the cup 102 can bethe same as the cup 102 discussed above. However, augment 504 and theaugment-securing mechanism 506 can be different from those describedabove. In general, the augment-securing mechanism 506 has an alternatestructure that allows the cup 102 and the augment 504 to be rotatedrelative to each other in an unlocked configuration, and to be securedtogether in a fixed position with the augment 504 in any of multipledifferent rotational positions relative to the cup 102.

Referring now to FIGS. 10A-10C, the augment 504 can include acrescent-shaped flesh-facing surface 530, a cup-facing surface 532, anda bone-facing surface 534, all of which can be similar to correspondingsurfaces of the augment 104 discussed above. However, the augment 504can define a saddle hole 540 extending through the augment 504 from theaugment bone-facing surface 534 to the augment cup-facing surface 532.The saddle hole 540 can generally become larger in steps as it extendsfrom the augment bone-facing surface 534 to the augment cup-facingsurface 532. The augment 504 can also define a pair of pin holes 542extending into the augment 504 from the augment flesh-facing surface530. The pin holes 542 can intersect the saddle hole 540, with pin holespassing through on opposing sides of the saddle hole 540.

The augment-securing mechanism 506 can include a lock ring 550 that canbe seated against a shoulder in the saddle hole 540 in the augment 504.The saddle hole 540 can expand outward around the lock ring 550 to forman annular space (not shown) into which the lock ring 550 can expand.The augment-securing mechanism 506 can also include a pair of pins 552,such as spring pins that can be seated in the pin holes 542 in theaugment 504.

A saddle 560 can be seated in the saddle hole 540. Referring to FIG. 9and to FIGS. 11A-11G, the saddle 560 will now be described. The saddle560 can include a generally cylindrical pivot or axle 562 and agenerally dovetail-shaped slider 564. The axle 562 can define radialslots 570 that extend into the axle from a ring-facing surface 572 ofthe axle. The ring-facing surface 572 can face toward the lock ring 550in the saddle hole 540 with the axle 562 being rotatable within thesaddle hole 540 when the saddle 560 is in a non-expanded form. An outersurface 576 of the axle can define protrusions 578 that are configuredto engage material of the augment 504 surrounding the saddle hole 540when the saddle 560 is in an expanded form, with the portions of theaxle separating so that the radial slots 570 widen. For example, theprotrusions 578 can include multiple circumferentially-extending rows ofaxially-extending ridges. The axle 562 can define a rounded annulargroove 582 that extends into the axle 562 from the outer surface 576.The annular groove 582 can align with the pin holes 542 so that the pins552 are seated in the annular groove 582 on opposite sides of the axle562, with the pins 552 inhibiting axial movement of the saddle 560relative to the augment 504, but allowing rotational movement of thesaddle 560 relative to the augment 504.

The slider 564 can extend from the axle 562, opposite the ring-facingsurface 572. The slider 564 can be shaped similarly to the slider 140discussed above, and can also function similarly to the slider 140 toexpand and lock in place in the guide feature 124 of the cup 102. Thesaddle 560 can define a fastener hole 580 passing axially through theaxle 562 and also through the slider 564. The fastener hole 580 can beinternally threaded so that a threaded fastener 584 can be screwed intothe fastener hole 580 and press outward on the axle 562 and the slider564.

The augment-securing mechanism 506 and the augment-securing mechanism170 may each be altered in various different ways in differentembodiments. For example, the augment-securing mechanism 506 may beconfigured to allow the saddle to be expanded without accessing thebone-facing surface 534 of the augment 504. For example, theaugment-securing mechanism 506 can include a pair of mating bevel gears.In such an embodiment, a rotating head at the flesh-facing surface 530of the augment 504 can receive an instrument such as a bit of a bitdriver. The head can be fixed to a first bevel gear (such as via ashaft). The first bevel gear can drive a second bevel gear, and thatsecond bevel gear can drive a shaft that rotates to screw a fastenerinto the saddle 560. In one example, the shaft that screws the fastenermay pass far enough into the fastener so that even as the fastenerpasses farther into the saddle, the shaft remains engaged in thefastener.

As another example, the guide feature may be formed in an augment and aslider may be located on the cup. Also, a guide feature may be a malefeature and the slider may be a female feature. For example, the guidefeature may be a rail formed along the cup, and the slider may be afeature attached to the augment that defines a slot into which the railfits, allowing the augment to slide relative to the cup in the unlockedposition. In such a configuration, a fastener may wedge into the rail tocause it to expand and lock the rail and slider together. Alternatively,a fastener may contract (squeeze) a female slider or guide feature sothat it frictionally engages a male guide feature or slider,respectively.

Various manufacturing techniques and materials may be used for thecomponents of the joint prostheses discussed herein, so long as theparts can be formed with sufficiently tight tolerances, and so long asthe resulting parts exhibit traits normally considered for implantedprosthetics and for the functions discussed herein, such as sufficientstrength, sufficient wear resistance, sufficient durability, andcompatibility with the human body. For example, the components may bemade of titanium. Also, for each of the components discussed herein,different manufacturing techniques may be used, such as 3D printing,machining, metal injection molding, and/or die casting. As an example,the cup and augment having the surface texture features illustrated inFIGS. 6A-7C may be formed by 3D printing.

The saddle 560 may be positioned in an augment 504 during manufacturing.Alternatively, the saddle 560 may be positioned in an augment 504 by aclinician prior to or during a surgical procedure to implant the jointprosthesis 500. Similarly, the augments for any of the embodiments canalso be positioned on the cup by a clinician during a surgicalprocedure, although at least a portion of this may be performed prior tothe surgical procedure.

Referring back to FIGS. 1-3G, in assembling the joint prosthesis 100,the fastener 172 can be screwed partially into the slider 140 withoutexpanding the slider. The slider can be slid along a slot 126 in the cup102, starting proximate the rim 120 of the cup and sliding until theaugment 104 is moved to a desired position relative to the cup 102. Atthis time, the augment-securing mechanism can be actuated to secure theaugment 104 to the cup 102 in this position. This can include moving theinstrument 174 toward the cup in an access direction 600 (see FIG. 1).The access direction can be generally perpendicular to the plane 122that is proximate the rim 120 of the cup 102 (see FIG. 2B). As usedherein, generally perpendicular means within thirty degrees of beingperpendicular. The instrument (174) can be used to screw the fastener172 into the aperture 154 in the slider 140. This can include thefastener 172 rotating around an axis that is generally perpendicular tothe plane 122. Also, the fastener can move in a direction that isgenerally perpendicular to the plane 122, from the joint side of theprosthesis 100. Actuation of the fastener 172 can expand the slider 140into the expanded slider form, so that the slider frictionally engagesthe guide feature 124 along the slot 126, fixing the augment 104 inplace relative to the cup 102. The joint prosthesis 200 and the jointprosthesis 300 can be assembled using similar techniques, with theaugments being fixed in place relative to the cups in similar ways.

In assembling the joint prosthesis 500 of FIGS. 8-11G, the lock ring 550can be seated in the saddle hole 540, and the saddle 560 can be movedinto the saddle hole 540 from the augment cup-facing surface 532, withthe ring-facing surface 572 extending in first, facing the lock ring550. The pins 552 can then be pressed into the pin holes 542, to inhibitaxial movement of the saddle 560. The fastener 584 can be partiallyscrewed into the fastener hole 580 of the saddle 560 from the side ofthe augment bone-facing surface 534. The augment 504 can be moved sothat the slider 564 slides into a slot 126 in the cup 102 proximate therim 120. The augment 504 can be slid along the slot 126 and rotatedrelative to the saddle 560 until the augment 504 is in a desiredposition.

In that position, an instrument 174 can be used to actuate the fastener584 by screwing the fastener into the saddle hole 540. The fastener 584can press outward on the axle 562 and the slider 564 as it is beingscrewed into the fastener hole 580. This can cause the protrusions 578on the axle 562 to frictionally engage the material around the saddlehole 540 and can cause the slider 564 to frictionally engage the guidefeature 124 defining the corresponding slot 126 in which the slider 564is seated. This can fix the saddle 560 in position relative to theaugment 504 and relative to the cup 102, thereby fixing the augment 504in position relative to the cup 102. As the fastener 584 is screwed intothe saddle 560, a flared head of the fastener 584 can force the lockring 550 to expand. When the head passes the lock ring 550, the lockring 550 can contract due to its spring force. The lock ring 550 canthen inhibit loosening of the fastener 584, and thus inhibit looseningof the augment 504 relative to the cup 102.

Portions of the assembly of the prosthesis may be performed by aclinician during a surgical procedure. For example, an acetabulum and anarea around the acetabulum may be prepared during a surgical procedure,and an acetabular cup may be position and secured in the acetabulum. Forexample, the acetabular cup may be positioned by screwing a fastenerthrough the cup and into the pelvis. The augment may then be moved andadjusted to a desired position, such as by sliding and/or rotating theaugment as discussed above. An augment-securing mechanism may then beactuated to fix the augment in position relative to thealready-positioned cup. Additional securing may then be performed, suchas by screwing fasteners through the augment and into the pelvis.

Alternatively, a desired position of an augment relative to anacetabular cup may be determined, and the augment may be slid and/orrotated into place. The augment-securing mechanism can then be actuatedto fix the augment in place relative the cup, prior to the cup beingimplanted. With the augment positioned relative to the cup, theassembled joint prosthesis can be positioned in the prepared acetabulumand secured in place relative to the pelvis, such as using fastenersscrewed through the cup and/or the augment and into the pelvis.

For joint prostheses having multiple augments, one or more of theaugments may be positioned and fixed relative to the cup before and/orafter securing the cup in place in an acetabulum

Any methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions forperforming the described method. The method steps and/or actions may beinterchanged with one another. In other words, unless a specific orderof steps or actions is required for proper operation of the embodiment,the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified.

Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment” or “theembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristicdescribed in connection with that embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment. Thus, the quoted phrases, or variations thereof, as recitedthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the above description ofembodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a singleembodiment, Figure, or description thereof for the purpose ofstreamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure, however, is notto be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim requiresmore features than those expressly recited in that claim. Rather, as thefollowing claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in a combination offewer than all features of any single foregoing disclosed embodiment.Thus, the claims following this Detailed Description are herebyexpressly incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claimstanding on its own as a separate embodiment. This disclosure includesall permutations of the independent claims with their dependent claims.

Recitation in the claims of the term “first” with respect to a featureor element does not necessarily imply the existence of a second oradditional such feature or element. Elements recited inmeans-plus-function format are intended to be construed in accordancewith 35 U.S.C. § 112 Para. 6. It will be apparent to those having skillin the art that changes may be made to the details of theabove-described embodiments without departing from the underlyingprinciples set forth herein.

While specific embodiments and applications of the present disclosurehave been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that thescope of the appended claims is not limited to the precise configurationand components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes, andvariations which will be apparent to those skilled in the art may bemade in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods andsystems disclosed herein.

1. A system comprising: a first implant comprising a first exteriorsurface; and a second implant comprising a second exterior surface;wherein the first exterior surface comprises a first uneven texture thatis configured to interlock with a second uneven texture of the secondexterior surface.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the first implantcomprises an acetabular cup; the second implant comprises an augmentsecurable to the acetabular cup.
 3. The system of claim 2, furthercomprising an augment-securing mechanism configured to secure theacetabular cup to the augment.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each offirst uneven texture and the second uneven texture comprises an unevenporous texture.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first uneventexture comprises a first web of rods.
 6. The system of claim 5, whereinthe rods of the web of rods define a generally stochastic pattern. 7.The system of claim 5, wherein the second exterior surface comprisessecond protrusions that extend into interstitial spaces between the rodsof the first web of rods.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein theprotrusions extend generally perpendicular to the second exteriorsurface.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein: the second uneven texturefurther comprises a second web of rods; and the first uneven texturefurther comprises first protrusions that extend into interstitial spacesbetween the rods of the second web of rods.
 10. The system of claim 7,wherein the first uneven texture and the second uneven texture areconfigured such that the second protrusions enter the interstitialspaces in response to pressure urging the first exterior surface and thesecond exterior surface together.
 11. A method comprising: Implanting afirst implant comprising a first exterior surface; Implanting a secondimplant comprising second exterior surface; and pressing the firstexterior surface against the second exterior surface such that the firsta first uneven texture of the first exterior surface interlocks with asecond uneven texture of the second exterior surface.
 12. The method ofclaim 11, wherein: the first implant comprises an acetabular cup; thesecond implant comprises an augment securable to the acetabular cup. 13.The method of claim 12, further comprising actuating an augment-securingmechanism to secure the augment to the acetabular cup.
 14. The method ofclaim 11, wherein each of first uneven texture and the second uneventexture comprises an uneven porous texture.
 15. The method of claim 11,wherein the first uneven texture comprises a first web of rods.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the rods of the web of rods define agenerally stochastic pattern.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein: thesecond exterior surface comprises second protrusions; and pressing thefirst exterior surface against the second exterior surface causes thesecond protrusions to extend into interstitial spaces between the rodsof the first web of rods.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein theprotrusions extend generally perpendicular to the second exteriorsurface.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein: the second uneven texturefurther comprises a second web of rods; and the first uneven texturefurther comprises first protrusions that extend into interstitial spacesbetween the rods of the second web of rods; and pressing the firstexterior surface against the second exterior surface further causes thefirst protrusions to extend into interstitial spaces between the rods ofthe second web of rods.
 20. A system comprising: an acetabular cupcomprising a first exterior surface comprising a first uneven texturedefined by a first web of rods and first protrusions; and an augmentsecurable to the acetabular cup, the augment comprising a secondexterior surface comprising a second uneven texture defined by a secondweb of rods and second protrusions; wherein the first uneven texture andthe second uneven texture are shaped such that, in response to pressureurging the acetabular cup and the augment together, the firstprotrusions enter interstitial spaces between the second web of rods andthe second protrusions enter interstitial spaces between the first webof rods to interlock the augment with the acetabular cup.